Instalasi Windows XP - Full tutorial
Anda punya komputer di rumah. Anda kemungkinan besar memiliki Windows yang diinstal di sana. Kemungkinan besar Windows XP. Dan Anda mungkin membelinya dengan sistem operasi yang diinstal oleh teknisi di toko. Pernahkah Anda bertanya-tanya bagaimana rasanya untuk menginstal sistem operasi sendiri?
Saya rasa kebanyakan memberikannya sebuah melirik pikir menyerah karena takut belaka. Instalasi sistem operasi dapat menjadi prosedur rumit. Hal-hal mungkin tidak bekerja. Data pribadi mungkin akan hilang selamanya. Ini risiko, dan satu yang tidak perlu bagi kebanyakan orang. Jika tidak tetap, tidak memecahkannya.
Tapi bagaimana kalau sistem operasi Anda gagal, entah karena apa? Bagaimana jika Anda tidak lagi dapat boot ke Windows? Anda mungkin akan membawa PC ke toko, di mana mereka akan membebankan Anda uang yang berharga untuk memulihkan kembali sistem Anda. Jika Anda bersedia meluangkan beberapa menit membaca, Anda akan belajar bagaimana untuk melakukannya sendiri, tanpa dikenakan biaya, pada waktu Anda sendiri.
Saya ingin mengajar Anda cara menginstal Windows XP. Pada dasarnya, semua sistem operasi mirip. Instalasi sangat mirip. Dengan belajar cara menginstal Windows XP, Anda tidak akan kesulitan mengulangi prosedur dengan Windows 98, Windows ME, atau bahkan beberapa distribusi Linux.
Apa yang akan Anda dapatkan dari belajar cara menginstal Windows XP?
1. Keyakinan - Anda akan menyadari komputer tidak hitam-kotak monster.
2. Kemerdekaan - Anda tidak perlu bergantung pada orang lain untuk membantu.
3. Anda akan menghemat uang - dalam jangka pendek, Anda akan kehilangan beberapa waktu, dalam jangka panjang, Anda akan mendapatkan keuntungan dari tabungan kedua mata uang keras dan waktu troubleshooting masalah sistem operasi.
4. Anda akan dapat membantu teman-teman Anda.
Apa resikonya?
Keindahan dari semua ini adalah - tidak ada. Aku akan mengajarkan Anda cara menginstal Windows XP dengan menggunakan VMware Player. Produk ini besar adalah perangkat lunak virtualisasi yang akan berjalan sama seperti aplikasi lain pada PC Anda. Anda akan dapat "mensimulasikan" instalasi Windows XP sementara biasanya boot dan login di Windows XP, tanpa harus me-restart atau data risiko. Seluruh prosedur akan terjadi di dunia virtual dari mesin virtual, dengan perubahan hard disk berkomitmen untuk ruang virtual. Jika, pada akhir hari, Anda tidak menyukai apa yang Anda lakukan atau ingin melakukannya lagi, Anda bisa menghapus file dan mulai lagi. Dengan cara, menjalankan VMware Player dan melakukan perubahan ke salah satu mesin virtual tidak berbeda dari menjalankan pengolah kata dan menulis ke dokumen.
Apa yang akan Anda butuhkan untuk tugas tersebut?
1. Windows XP berjalan pada komputer Anda, dengan sedikitnya 256MB memori (jika hal-hal yang akan sangat lambat).
2. Instalasi Windows XP disk (masalah hukum hal ini sepenuhnya terserah Anda).
3. VMware Player, yang bebas untuk di-download, diinstal pada komputer Anda.
4. Kunjungi EasyVMX! untuk menciptakan mesin virtual, atau ikuti petunjuk dari saya VMware Player - artikel teman besar.
5. Beberapa kesabaran dan waktu luang.
Harap dicatat bahwa saya akan melakukan instalasi menggunakan Windows XP Profesional SP2. Instalasi Windows XP, Windows XP SP1 baik Home / Professional edisi pada dasarnya sama, namun beberapa hal akan berbeda begitu Anda boot ke Windows, terutama mengenai beberapa konfigurasi dasar dan pengaturan keamanan. Saya akan menyarankan setiap pengguna Windows XP untuk meng-upgrade Windows untuk paket layanan terbaru. Jika Anda memiliki disk instalasi lama tanpa SP2, Anda dapat membuat versi slipstreamed, yang akan menggabungkan SP2. Silakan lihat Slipstreaming Windows XP dengan Service Pack 2 (SP2) untuk panduan langkah-demi-langkah rinci bagaimana melakukannya.
Maklum bahwa di VMware Player, Anda tidak harus benar-benar menginstal driver perangkat keras untuk kartu grafis, kartu audio dan sebagainya Perlu diingat bahwa langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan setelah instalasi, nyata fisik dari Windows XP.
VMware Player tidak mengijinkan instalasi driver kartu grafis untuk sistem operasi tamu. Untuk itu Anda akan memerlukan VMware Workstation penuh. Oleh karena itu, jika Anda mencoba untuk menginstal sistem operasi Windows lainnya ketika menjalankan Windows XP sebagai host OS, Anda mungkin mengalami kinerja visual yang terdegradasi. Sebagai contoh, saya telah terbatas pada adapter VGA dasar di kedua Windows 98 dan Windows Vista Beta dibawah Windows XP, sehingga desktop sangat lambat dan hanya 4-16 warna. Windows XP sebagai tuan rumah dan tamu akan bekerja dengan baik, walaupun.
Jadi, jika Anda sudah siap, pergi ke halaman berikutnya.
Pada akhir artikel ini multi-halaman, mudah-mudahan, Anda akan belajar:
1. Bagaimana menggunakan VMware Player dan membangun sendiri konfigurasi file.
2. Cara membuat partisi dan format mereka.
3. Cara setup Windows XP.
4. Cara membuat Limited User Account.
5. Bagaimana mengkonfigurasi Windows XP untuk menjadi nyaman dan aman.
Peringatan bagi pengguna dial-up 56K: Untuk tujuan dibaca lebih baik, saya akan menggunakan gambar ukuran penuh daripada thumbnail yang memiliki pranala ke gambar. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan perlambatan beberapa saat pemuatan halaman.
Sekali lagi, Anda tidak harus benar-benar melakukan ini. Anda hanya bisa membaca dan praktek pada saat Anda benar-benar menginstal dari awal. Tapi saya sarankan Anda mencoba mengikuti petunjuk dan melakukannya sendiri. Anda hanya akan mendapatkan keuntungan dari itu.
After pressing C, we will now be given an option to choose the size for our partition. This is an important step. This is where the user has to ask himself / herself what configuration he / she might like?
Creating a single partition using all of the available space is the simplest choice. However, it is not the best choice. We want to separate the system files from our personal data. We want to create separate partitions for the two. Thus, if our system gets broken, we will be able to install it again without touching the personal data.
Thus, we will not use all of the available space. We will create a partition for the operation system and a partition for the personal data. We will create a 4GB partition for the operating system. Windows XP needs about 1-2GB to install and run smoothly. You could probably get away with less and you can definitely get away with more. It all depends on the size of your hard disk.
We want to use the 4GB partition to install Windows and later, in Windows, install programs. This will be our primary partition when booted in Windows. It will also be the first partition on our (first) hard disk.
Enter the desired size (in thousands of MB) and press Enter.
Make primary partition
As you can see, we now have a partition ready, onto which we can install Windows XP. You can proceed to the setup now. You do not have to partition the spare space now. But be aware that it will not be usable until partitioned. Windows XP does not have a partitioning capability built-in. Therefore, unless you use some third-party software, it is wise to do it right now.
This will be our logical non-bootable partition when booted in Windows. It will serve us for personal data. It will also be the second partition on our (first) hard disk.
Move the selection (highlight) with arrow keys down to unpartitioned space. Press C again to create a new partition.
Primary partition created
Once again, we will be presented with the choice of the size. You can also see that 8MB will not be accounted for no matter what. This is because the first sector of the hard disk cannot be used to create partitions on it. It is reserved for the boot information which tells the system which partition to use to boot from. This is also called Master Boot Record (MBR). This is the most important sector on a hard disk.
We will use all of the available free space for our second partition.
Theoretically, if you have a very large hard disk, you could create several logical partitions. Or leave some space free for a Linux installation.
Enter the desired size (in thousands of MB) and press Enter.
Make logical partition
Logical partition created
Now, our hard disk is ready for the installation. Select (highlight) the desired partition - it will be the first one! - and press Enter to start the installation.
Select install partition
Newly created partition(s) will not be formatted. We need to format our selected partition to be able to actually install the operation system on it. We will format the partition using the NTFS file system. NTFS file system has an advantage over the FAT32 file system in its ability to handle very large storage disks, in the fragmentation of files and overall security it offers. Windows XP should be installed on a partition formatted with NTFS file system.
You should be aware that:
Windows 98 cannot read NTFS partitions. If you have Windows 98 installed in dual boot alongside Windows XP, Windows 98 will not be able to see the NTFS partitions.
NTFS file system is a closed source and therefore cannot be written to from Linux operating systems (without proper patches). This means that NTFS partitions will be accessible as read-only from Linux operating systems.
But this should not worry you too much. For the time being, we are only installing Windows XP.
Select to format using NTFS file system and press Enter. We will not do a quick format, even though it saves time, because if the disk has had data previously written on it, it might not be properly wiped away.
Format with NTFS file system
Formatting will take some time, depending on the disk size. It can take several minutes. It's a good time to make a cup of coffee.
Format in progress
To begin the installation:
1. Place the Windows XP installation CD in the CD-ROM tray.
2. Start the VMware Player and open the Windows XP .vmx file (e.g. named win_xp.vmx).
With the virtual PC booting, hit Esc button to enter the BIOS setup. Select option 3. CD-ROM Drive. Hit Enter to start booting from CD.
Boot from CD
The virtual PC should start booting from the Windows XP disk now. If you have a SCSI hard disk or you wish to install the operating system in a RAID configuration (use several hard disks to boot the operating system), you might need to install special drivers. In reality, you would press F6 at this stage. In virtual machine, we will skip this.
F6 for drivers
You will now reach the Windows XP welcome-to-setup screen. You can choose to setup Windows XP or repair an existing installation. Using the second option might be useful if your Windows XP does not boot and you need to fix it. However, in our case, we want to start a clean installation. To do so, press ENTER.
Welcome to setup
It's time to agree to Microsoft terms of use. If you agree with what's written, press F8 to continue.
EULA
It's time to partition our virtual hard disk. An empty unwritten-on hard disk will contain no information. It will be unpartitioned. To make it usable, we need to partition it.
If you're installing on a hard disk that was previously used, partitions WILL exist. You will need to destroy one of the partitions to install the operating system. It will also cause the loss of data on that partition. So make sure your personal, irreplaceable data has been safely backed up.
In case partitions exist, you will want to erase one or all partitions (no screenshot provided) and then create new partitions.
In case the disk is empty, you will just need to create new partitions.
If I get lots of emails from people asking how to delete existing partitions, I will make another "simulation" and provide necessary screenshots.
In our case, we have a 6GB empty hard disk. We want to partition it. The unpartitioned space is already selected (highlighted in white). In case there are several physical hard disks available, we would see several lines of unpartitioned space information. We would then have to select (highlight) one of them (using arrow keys).
As you can see, we have 3 options:
1. Setup Windows XP on a selected partition - press ENTER - we do not have partitions ready yet.
2. Create a new partition in the unpartitioned space - press C - this is what we want to do.
3. Delete selected partitions - press D - if there were partitions we wanted to delete, this is what we would do.
Again, our choice is to create a new partition. Press C.
Partitioning
After the setup formats the partition, it will start copying system files. This will take several minutes.
Copying system files
After the files are successfully copied, the system will reboot. Do not be alarmed. You can wait a few seconds or press Enter to speed up the process.
Rebooting
After the reboot, the setup will start installing Windows. You will be able to move your mouse (hopefully) and read on-screen tips while the setup configures the system. You will also be able to tell the approximate time needed for the setup to complete.
Starting the installation of Windows
After some time, you will be presented with Regional and Language Options. Here, you can set your additional languages and keyboard layouts to suit your local needs. In my setup, I used only the standard settings. After you're satisfied with your choice, click Next to continue. If you feel you missed something, you will always be able to go back by clicking Back.
If enough people mail me about this step, I will add a small guide.
Regional and language settings
After the Regional and Language Options, the setup will ask you for your username. You can use anything you like. For example, I called myself USER and I have no organization.
Choose user name
The next step is to input your License Product Key. It should be included with your Windows XP installation CD.
Product key
Now, you need to setup your Computer name and the Administrator password. You can use whatever computer name you feel like, but you can also leave the default selection. I suggest you choose a strong password for the Administrator account (something like rdSa^tbrIw17).
Setting admin password
The next step is to set your local Date and Time. This is pretty straightforward, I dare say.
Date and time settings
After this step, the setup will continue to install for a few minutes. Once again, you will be able to read on-screen tips about Windows XP (no screenshot provided). The next step will be to configure your Networking settings.
You can use the Typical settings, and they should work just fine. However, I have chosen the Custom settings to show you what they look like.
Networking settings
It is possible that you will not want one of the components to be installed. You can uncheck it at this stage. Later on, you will be able to install it if you need it. You may also want to look more deeply into what each component means and what it offers. Brief explanations are offered in the Description field for each highlighted item. During the installation, by default, all of the options are selected and you should leave them that way.
Netowrking components
The next step is to associate your computer with a workgroup. If your computer is a member of a small household network that shares resources, you might want to give it a name of the household workgroup. Again, you may change this setting later. If your machine is a standalone workstation, you should not bother with the Workgroup name.
Workgroup
The setup will now continue for some time.
Continuing the installation
Eventually, after some time, the computer (virtual machine) will reboot and start loading the Windows. That is what we want to see.
Booting into Windows
Before the Welcome screen, if your graphic adapters are properly configured, like in the particular case of this virtual machine, Windows will present you with a message that it adjusts the screen resolution to a pre-defined optimized standard. You will be able to change this later on.
Display settings
After changing the resolution, Windows will ask you to confirm it. Some monitors might not be able to display the desired settings. For instance, a very old monitor might be limited to only 800x600 resolution. Trying to set a higher value will result in a black or flickering screen, and you will not be able to confirm the adjustment. If within 30 seconds you do not confirm the change, the display settings will be reverted to the basics (the one used during the installation).
Monitor settings
Finally, you will reach the Welcome screen. Click Next to continue.
Welcome to Windows
You will be asked about Automatic Updates. While some may tell you that automatic updates are a good thing, I would disagree. What if an update is accidentally corrupted? It will automatically be downloaded, without your control of the event. It is better to turn the Automatic Updates off, frequently visit Windows Update for manual updates and use the web in general to get updated about possible problems that other users worldwide might have with a certain patch. The message that your computer is more vulnerable to viruses and other threats is alarming and not necessarily true.
Of course, the choice is entirely up to you.
Automatic updates
After the Automatic Updates configuration, you will be asked about Internet Connections. If your computer connects through a router or another PC, you will most probably want to choose Local Area Network (LAN). In our case, the virtual machine is indeed a member of a network, connecting to the Internet through our host machine.
During a real installation, you might want to choose the first option. You can also skip this step and do it later.
In general, I advise you to skip the process now. During this step, Windows will try to communicate with the Internet. This is not a good idea. We have not fully configured our operating system yet. For instance, we have no firewall except the default Windows XP inbound-only firewall active on the computer, and no anti-malware software of any kind. Furthermore, if you use a VPN dialer to connect to the Internet, or have not yet configured a service with an Internet Service Provider (ISP), this step will fail. It will not prevent any and all other steps from getting completed, though.
Moreover, you can prevent Internet access by setting the Ethernet tab in the VMware Player to "Host only", which will allow only the "real" operating system to connect to the Internet. Using "NAT" or "Bridged" will also allow your guest operating system to connect.
As a healthy rule, it is advisable to disconnect the Internet line from the wall while installing Windows.
Internet connections
Now, you will be asked to register. Even if you want to do that, now is not the time. You can do it later.
Register
The next stage is to define the computer users. Even if you intend to have more than one user account on your PC, you should only configure one at this time. You can always add more users later. I chose a name Thor because it sounds nice.
Define users
You are set. It's time to log into Windows.
Install finished
After a few seconds, you will see the Windows desktop. Basically, the installation itself is finished. Congratulations!
Inside Windows XP
The procedure should have taken you about 40-70 minutes, depending on your CPU power, the memory and your own speed. You should definitely not hurry, but take time and study each step carefully.
Of course, our work is not fully done.
On the next page, I will explain some of basic configurations you can do to make your Windows experience easier.
Most of the stuff explained on the next page is optional.
You have installed Windows. It's time to configure a number of other items.
Installation of drivers
Install your video drivers. Change your monitor refresh frequency and screen resolution to fit your needs.
Install your audio drivers. Make sure you have properly installed the drivers by testing out some sample music track.
Install your other drivers, for instance USB 2.0 drivers, printer, UPS etc.
After you have successfully installed your environment, it's time for some true geek time.
Tweaking
Windows XP ships out in a default configurations that is rather loose. It is meant to suit as many people as possible at the same time, which is rather impossible. You can make some small yet pretty powerful changes that will make the overall feel a whole lot smoother.
Please note that this guide is not meant to be a comprehensive Windows user guide. You can get a pretty reasonable help by pressing F1. Furthermore, there's a wealth of information available online.
Most of the instructions following will not be accompanied with screenshots. There are too many of them, and it would get rather boring after a while. However, I will give you a basic overview to help you get oriented, though most likely if you decided to read through this article AND decided to install Windows XP from scratch in a VMware Player (or for real), the chances are you most likely do not need a basic overview of the Windows XP functionality.
Taskbar
Taskbar is a field between the Start Menu and the System Tray and will show your active applications as small bars. It can also serve to place shortcuts (as Quick Launch).
Taskbar
Start Menu
Start Menu gives access to all of the programs and applications installed on the computer.
Start menu
System Tray
System Tray is used to show small icons of programs loaded into memory and running.
System tray
Performance & annoyance tweaks
The below tweaks will improve visual performance, make the Windows look less flashy and free hard disk space by reducing the unnecessarily large default storage certain functions take.
If you have doubt, do not do these steps without being sure how to revert them. Do not do these steps if you do not understand what they mean. Like I said, this guide is not a step-by-step Windows help. Use the Help and Internet to get fully acquainted with Windows. You can always do these tweaks at a later time.
Windows XP Tour
Click on the Windows XP Tour icon in the System Tray.
When the Window XP Tour pops up, click Cancel and you will never be bothered again.
Disable Security Center alerts
Right click on the Security Center system tray icon > Open Security Center.
On the left-hand side, under Resources, click on the bottom option Change the way Security Center alerts me.
Untick the three options (firewall, anti-virus and automatic updates).
Changing Start Menu view to Classic
Right click on the Taskbar > Properties.
Under Taskbar options, tick Show Quick Launch.
Under Start Menu options, tick Classic Start menu.
Changing Windows display to Classic
Right click on the Desktop > Properties.
Under Themes, select Windows Classic theme.
Change Control Panel view
Start > Settings > Control Panel.
Switch to Classic View.
Resize the System Restore space
Right click on My Computer > Properties.
Under System Restore settings, slide the bar to desired percentage.
Resize the Recycle Bin space
Right click on Recycle Bin > Properties.
Slide the bar to desired percentage.
Resize the Internet Explorer cache
Right click on Internet Explorer > Properties.
Under General > Temporary Internet files click Settings.
Select the cache size to no more than 50-100MB.
Format the remaining hard disk(s)
We have created a roughly 2GB size hard disk while partitioning. It's time to format it now and make it usable.
Double click My Computer. Select the hard disk (most likely local disk (D:), certainly NOT local disk (C:)), right click > Format.
We want to use this hard disk for personal data. Therefore, we will format it as FAT32, because we might like to be able to write to it from other operating systems, like Linux. Rename this disk to DATA or something similar.
This is, of course, an optional step. You may or may not create additional partitions while installing the system for real. It's up to you. I advise you to use partitions, as they improve security and order.
Creating a Limited User Account (LUA)
Most people use their default administrator account. This is OK, if you know 100% what to do in case of serious malware infection. Otherwise, setting up a limited account can be a good practice.
Regardless of whether your daily needs require that you use administrator account or a limited account, it is recommended that you:
* Password protect the default administrator account. To do this, boot into Safe Mode, log in as the Administrator, head in to Start > Control Center > User Accounts. Password protect the account with a strong password (something like acD221oOm23^K2W). We have done that during the setup, but it does not hurt to check out. This can also be a good practice to see what Safe Mode is and how it works. To boot into Safe Mode, press F8 during the boot up. This might not work in VMware Player.
* Disable the Guest account, if it isn't already.
* Delete the .ASP account, if it exists.
* Reboot into normal mode and password protect your own account with a solid, strong password.
To create a limited account:
* Access User Accounts (see above) and select Create a new account.
* Select a name for your limited account.
* Select the type for your limited account; naturally you want to selected Limited.
* Create the new account.
Create a new account:
Setting up a new account
Name the new account:
Naming the new account
Select the account type to be limited:
Select the account type
Once it is created, you can rename it if you like, change its icon and password protect it.
Limited account created
To see what a Limited User account looks like, just log off as Thor (or whatever your name is) and log in as Limited.
Log in as limited user
As you can see, Limited is a new separate account and all previous changes we did no longer apply. We will have to configure things again.
Logged in as limited user
Limited account should be indeed limited. How can we know Limited is restricted?
Let's try to access the Group Policy editor. Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc) is a powerful tool that allows any Windows administrator-type user to set global or user rules called Restriction Policies. These policies can range from white-listing files that can be executed on the computer to preventing the use of command line, prevent access to Control Panel and much more. It can also be used in a very beneficial way to improve privacy and security. I will address that in another article.
To start the Editor:
Start > Run > gpedit.msc
Testing the limited account
Indeed, if we try to access the gpedit.msc, under a limited account we expect to receive an error message.
Access denied
As expected, Limited is a limited account and thus cannot access gpedit.msc. In a way this is a good thing. If you cannot access certain options, neither will virii, trojans and other types of malware be able to do that. As a limited account user, you will not be able to install software. Even if you inadvertently trigger a bad file on your desktop, it will not be able to propagate and cause harm. Limited account is a good way of preventing the user himself from making serious judgment mistakes in his day-to-day use. You should bear in mind that these restrictions could impair functionality of certain programs. You will also have to log in as the administrator to perform system updates, like anti-virus definition updates.
To run applications that require administrative privileges, you can try to use the Run as ... shell option - right click on an application and select Run as ...
Alternatively, you can use DropMyRights to run software with reduced (limited) privileged under an administrator type account.
By the way, changing desktops in the administrator and limited account is a good idea. It's your best visual indicator which account you're using.
Internet
Create your first System Restore point; this will be your "reference" restore point, a clean system installation. Configure your Internet connection now - if you're using direct connection, just plug the line back into the socket. If you're using VPN dialers, call your ISP and ask them to help you configure one.
Updates
Before installing Windows XP on a PC, I suggest you create a CD containing all your favorite software, like firewall, anti-virus, java engine, browser, mail client, and more. That way, you will not require an Internet connection to properly secure your PC.
If you do not have your favorite tools ready, do it like this then:
* Open Internet Explorer once. Go to Mozilla Firefox site. Download and install Firefox. Make it your default browser.
* Head to the site of your favorite firewall vendor. If you do not have one, or want a free solution, try ZoneAlarm Free. Install the firewall.
* Head to the site of your favorite anti-virus vendor. If you do not have one, or want a free solution, try AVG Free. Install the anti-virus. Perform a full update. If firewall prompts you, allow it.
* Now, perform Windows Update. Install the patches you want. Usually, you would like to install most of the critical patches. But I do suggest you read carefully about each update and decide whether you really need it. Since you may have the automatic updates turned off, make this check at least once a month. Microsoft usually release updates on first Tuesday every month.
* You might want to use Java on your computer. You might want to try Sun Java.
* You might want to use a mail client. I suggest you try Mozilla Thunderbird rather than the default Outlook Express.
* You might want to have an Office suite on your PC. Open Office is a great, free product.
General rules that can make your PC life easier
* You might want to defragment your hard drive once a month or so to boost its performance.
* Keep your private data separate from the operating system (on the second partition we created). If you have a large hard disk, or better, several hard disks, do not hesitate to make even more partitions. Back your data frequently across the system (partitions, hard disks, other computers) and to hard copies (CDs, DVDs, USB drives).
* Create a System Restore checkpoint before installing any software.
That's it. Your computer is pretty much setup. You have learned how to install Windows XP, create multiple partitions, create a user account, all of that in less than two hours. It's time to lean back and relax. You won't be needing those technicians any more. Who knows, you might even teach them a trick or two?
Enjoy!
